![a stack of newspapers](/sites/g/files/omnuum1841/files/styles/hwp_21_9__1920x825/public/2024-08/pexels-brotin-biswas-158640-518543.jpg?itok=yJKWLsx0) # Book and Article News September 20, 2024 **2025:** Sampson, Robert J. 2025. [Frontiers of Research on Racial Inequalities in Criminal Justice](https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2025.11.3.01). *The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences*. Baker, Garrett, David S. Kirk, and Robert J. Sampson. 2025. [The Great Leveler? Juvenile Arrest, College Attainment, and the Future of American Inequality](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00380407251338844). *Sociology of Education.* doi:10.1177/00380407251338844. **2024:** Lanfear, Charles C., David S. Kirk, and Robert J. Sampson. 2024. [Dual Pathways of Concealed Gun Carrying and Use from Adolescence to Adulthood over a 25-Year Era of Change](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp8915). *Science Advances* 10:eadp8915. See also invited commentary: Sola, Justin Lucas. 2024. [Pathways to Concealed Gun Carrying](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adu1262). *Science Advances* 10:eadu1262. Sampson, Robert J. and Roland Neil. 2024. [The Social Foundations of Racial Inequalities in Arrest over the Life Course and in Changing Times](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1745-9125.12374). *Criminology* 62(2): 177-204. Sampson, Robert J. and Charles Lanfear. 2024. [Disentangling Gun Ownership and Leanings to Political Violence in Unstable Times](https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2817320). *JAMA Network Open* 7(4): e245066. Wildeman, Christopher, Robert J. Sampson, and Garrett Baker. 2024. [Adult Children of the Prison Boom: Family Troubles and the Intergenerational Transmission of Criminal Justice Contact](https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-11153107). *Demography*. 11153107. **2023:** Wildeman, Christopher, and Robert J. Sampson. 2023. [Desistance as an Intergenerational Process](https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-criminol-022422-015936). *Annual Review of Criminology* 7: 85-104. Montana, Erika, Daniel S. Nagin, Roland Neil, and Robert J. Sampson. 2023. [Cohort Bias in Predictive Risk Assessments of Future Criminal Justice System Involvement](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2301990120). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 120 (23): e2301990120. - See also, [How social change brings bias to predictive models used in criminal justice settings](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/how-social-change-brings-bias-to-predictive-models-used-in-criminal-justice-settings/) - And commentary by [Jens Ludwig, Jon Kleinberg, and Sendhil Mullainathan](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2307285120) Lanfear, Charles C., Rebecca Bucci, David S. Kirk, and Robert J. Sampson. 2023. [Inequalities in Exposure to Firearm Violence by Race, Sex, and Birth Cohort From Childhood to Age 40 Years, 1995-2021](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.12465). *JAMA Network Open* 6(5): e2312465. - See also, articles from [Harvard Gazette](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2023/05/how-birth-year-predicts-exposure-to-gun-violence/), [ABC](https://abcnews.go.com/US/half-black-hispanic-people-chicago-witness-shooting-age/story?id=99176796), [CNN](https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/09/health/black-hispanic-gun-violence-exposure-reaj/index.html), and [WGN](https://wgnradio.com/john-williams/study-shows-impact-of-gun-violence-on-chicago-residents/) **2022:** Bucci, Rebecca, David S. Kirk, Robert J. Sampson. 2022. [Visualizing How Race, Support for Black Lives Matter, and Gun Ownership Shape Views of the U.S. Capitol Insurrection of January 6, 2021](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/23780231221110124). *Socius* doi:[10.1177/23780231221110124](https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231221110124). Sampson, Robert J., David S. Kirk, and Rebecca Bucci. 2022. [Cohort Profile: Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and Its Additions (PHDCN+)](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40865-022-00203-0). *Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology* 8: 516-532. Sampson, Robert J. and Brian L. Levy. 2022. [The Enduring Neighborhood Effect, Everyday Urban Mobility, and Violence in Chicago](https://lawreview.uchicago.edu/publication/enduring-neighborhood-effect-everyday-urban-mobility-and-violence-chicago). *University of Chicago Law Review* 89(2): 323-347. Sampson, Robert J. 2022. [Legacies of Inequality, Legacy Lead Exposures, and Improving Population Well-being](https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2202401119). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 119 (e2202401119). Levy, Brian L., Karl Vachuska, S. V. Subramanian, and Robert J. Sampson. 2022. [Neighborhood Socioeconomic Inequality Based on Everyday Mobility Predicts Covid-19 Infection in San Francisco, Seattle, and Wisconsin](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl3825). *Science Advances* 8:eabl3825. **2021:** Sampson, Robert J. and L. Ash Smith. 2021. [Rethinking Criminal Propensity and Character: Cohort Inequalities and the Power of Social Change](https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/716005). *Crime and Justice* 50:13-74. Neil, Roland, Robert J. Sampson, and Daniel S. Nagin. 2021. [Social Change and Cohort Differences in Group-Based Arrest Trajectories over the Last Quarter-Century](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107020118). *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 118: (31) e2107020118. See also [Social Change and the Explanation of Criminal Offender Groups](https://link.growkudos.com/1ownu6c1ds0). Neil, Roland and Robert J. Sampson. 2021. [The Birth Lottery of History: Arrest over the Life Course of Multiple Cohorts Coming of Age, 1995-2018](https://doi.org/10.1086/714062). *American Journal of Sociology* 126: March (5): 1127–1178. See also, [Best predictor of arrest rates? The 'birth lottery of history.'](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/06/study-finds-the-birth-lottery-of-history-can-predict-arrests/) Candipan, Jennifer, Nolan Edward Phillips, Robert J. Sampson, and Mario L. Small. 2021.[From Residence to Movement: The Nature of Racial Segregation in Everyday Urban Mobility](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0042098020978965). *Urban Studies* 58: 3095–3117. Early online version: . Manduca, Robert and Robert J. Sampson. 2021. [Childhood Exposure to Polluted Neighborhood Environments and Intergenerational Income Mobility, Teenage Birth, and Incarceration in the USA](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11111-020-00371-5). *Population and Environment* 42: 501–523. **2020:** Levy, Brian L., Nolan E. Phillips, and Robert J. Sampson. 2020. [Triple Disadvantage: Neighborhood Networks of Everyday Urban Mobility and Violence in American Cities](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0003122420972323). *American Sociological Review* 85(6) 925 –956. Sampson, Robert J. and Brian L. Levy. 2020. [Beyond Residential Mobility: Mobility-Based Connectedness and Rates of Violence in Large Cities](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12552-019-09273-0). *Race and Social Problems* 12:77-86. Schachner, Jared and Robert J. Sampson. 2020. [Skill-based Contextual Sorting: How Parental Cognition and Residential Mobility Produce Unequal Environments for Children](https://rdcu.be/b3f0i). *Demography* 57:675-703. - See also [How Cognitive Skills Influence Inequality in Contemporary Housing Markets](https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/blog/how-cognitive-skills-influence-inequality-in-contemporary-housing-markets/), Joint Center for Housing Studies. [Lessons and Current Challenges for Urban Sociologists. A Conversation with Robert J. Sampson](https://sociologica.unibo.it/article/view/10517/10984). Niccolò Morelli, Robert J. Sampson. *Sociologica* 14: No. 1 (2020). **2019:** ![The City](/sites/g/files/omnuum1841/files/styles/hwp_1_1__360x360_scale/public/sampson/files/TheCity.jpg?itok=ni9Qb549) [Foreword: in "The City for the 21st Century"](https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo38823801.html). Reissue of the classic 1925 book, *The City*. Manduca, Robert, and Robert J. Sampson. 2019. [Punishing and Toxic Neighborhood Environments Independently Predict the Intergenerational Social Mobility of Black and White Children.](/publications/punishing-and-toxic-neighborhood-environments-independently-predict) *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 116: 7772-7777. - See also: [Why some low-income neighborhoods are better than others](https://www.sciencenews.org/article/why-some-low-income-neighborhoods-are-better-others), *Science News* and see: [Unpacking the power of poverty](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2019/05/harvard-study-shows-exactly-how-poverty-impacts-childrens-success/), *Harvard Gazette.* Sampson, Robert J. 2019. [Neighborhood Effects and Beyond: Explaining the Paradoxes of Inequality in the Changing American Metropolis.](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0042098018795363) *Urban Studies* 56: 3-32. Nagin, Daniel S. and Robert J. Sampson. 2019. [The Real Gold Standard: Measuring Counterfactual Worlds That Matter Most to Social Science and Policy](http://www.annualreviews.org/eprint/KVgp5m76hFvt8nEr6sYa/full/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024838%20%20). *Annual Review of Criminology* 2: 123-145. (Reprint for personal use, any further/multiple distribution, publication, or commercial usage of this copyrighted material requires submission of a permission request addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center, [http://www.copyright.com/](https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.copyright.com_&d=DwMFAg&c=WO-RGvefibhHBZq3fL85hQ&r=fNSMa23YpnJ9tpdgrTserKZ5-OOwvJnIMzVPKv-VYWs&m=qvKOiOXmOn0ObcJ-W_4VNvqLDItEMBqX0iq3xRGSnto&s=aUepXfquLsZWfY1vqvYqbAVIlBJM3i6iEKeNXIFl48U&e=)). - See also the special issue of *Social Science and Medicine*, [Randomized Controlled Trials and Evidence-based Policy: A Multidisciplinary Dialogue](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/social-science-and-medicine/vol/210). **2018 and earlier:** **On The Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality:** Sampson, Robert J., William Julius Wilson, and Hanna Katz. 2018. “[Reassessing ‘Toward a Theory of Race, Crime, and Urban Inequality’: Enduring and New Challenges in 21st Century America.](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race/article/reassessing-toward-a-theory-of-race-crime-and-urban-inequality/68C99328C0574E23D1CBC6FDFD60BED9)” *Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race* 15: 13–34. **New Perspectives on Social Isolation and Everyday Segregation:** Wang, Ryan Q., Nolan Phillips, Mario Luis Small, and Robert J. Sampson. 2018. “[Urban Mobility and Neighborhood Isolation in America's 50 Largest Cities.](/file_url/193)” *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* 115: 7735–7740. See also Richard Florida on [“The Segregation of Our Everyday Lives”](https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/08/the-segregation-of-our-everyday-lives/567164/) in *Atlantic CityLab*. **Lead Exposure and Environmental Inequality:** Sampson, Robert J., and Alix S. Winter. 2018. [“Poisoned Development: Assessing Lead Exposure as a Cause of Crime in a Birth Cohort Followed through Adolescence.”](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1745-9125.12171) *Criminology* 56:269-301. Muller, Christopher, Robert J. Sampson, and Alix S. Winter. 2018. “[Environmental Inequality: The Social Causes and Consequences of Lead Exposure.](https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041222)” *Annual Review of Sociology*, 44:263–82. Winter, Alix S., and Robert J. Sampson. 2017. ["From Lead Exposure in Early Childhood to Adolescent Health: A Chicago Birth Cohort." ](https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303903)*American Journal of Public Health* 107 (9): 1496-1501. Sampson, Robert J. and Alix Winter. 2016. "[The Racial Ecology of Lead Poisoning: Toxic Inequality in Chicago Neighborhoods, 1995-2013.](http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=/DBR/S1742058X16000151a.pdf&code=aefb8c0d0b45ac76bcc11dafcdd37ae9)" *DuBois Review: Social Science Research on Race* 13:2. See also, [Toxic Inequality](http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/10/toxic-inequality/), *Harvard Gazette*. **Urban Sustainability:** Sampson, Robert J. 2017. "[Urban Sustainability in an Age of Enduring Inequalities: Advancing Theory and Ecometrics for the 21st-Century](http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1614433114)". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*. (Early online). See also, [To Advance Sustainability, Fight Inequality](http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/02/to-advance-sustainability-fight-inequality-researcher-says/), *Harvard Gazette*. **Race and Economic Mobility:** Sampson, Robert J., Jared Schachner, and Robert D. Mare. 2017. [“Urban Income Inequality and the Great Recession in Sunbelt Form: Disentangling Individual and Neighborhood-Level Change in Los Angeles.”](https://www.rsfjournal.org/content/3/2/102) *RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences* 3: 102-128. Sampson, Robert J. 2016. "Individual and Community Economic Mobility in the Great Recession Era: The Spatial Foundations of Persistent Inequality". Pp. 261-287 in *Economic Mobility: Research and Ideas on Strengthening Families, Communities and the Economy*. St. Louis, MO: Federal Reserve Bank. Sampson, Robert J. 2016. "[The Characterological Imperative: On Heckman, Humphries, and Kautz’s The Myth of Achievement Tests: The GED and the Role of Character in American Life.](https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.54.2.493)" *Journal of Economic Literature* 54(2): 493–513. Perkins, Kristin L. and Robert J. Sampson. 2015. "[Compounded Deprivation in the Transition to Adulthood: The Intersection of Racial and Economic Inequality among Chicagoans, 1995-2013.](https://contextandthecity.squarespace.com/s/Compounded_Deprivation.pdf)"*RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences.* 1 (1): 35-54. See also: "[Electing to Ignore the Poorest of the Poor".](http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/business/economy/electing-to-ignore-the-poorest-of-the-poor.html?_r=0) By Eduardo Porter, *New York Times*, November 17, 2015. Ta-Nehisi Coates discusses compounded deprivation and criminal justice in *The Atlantic*. See [The Black Family and Mass Incarceration.](http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/10/the-black-family-in-the-age-of-mass-incarceration/403246/) Sampson, Robert J. 2015. [“Move Up or Out? Confronting Compounded Deprivation.”](http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/essay/move-up-or-out-confronting-compounded-deprivation) Discussion 15 in NYU’s The Dream Revisited series (responses by Richard Florida, Rosanne Haggerty, and Michael Stoll). **Mixed-Income Neighborhoods and Inequality:** Sampson, Robert J., Robert D. Mare, and Kristin L. Perkins. 2015. "[Achieving the Middle Ground in an Age of Concentrated Extremes: Mixed Middle-Income Neighborhoods and Emerging Adulthood](http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0002716215576117)." *ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science* 660: 156-174. Sampson, Robert J. 2015. "[Move Up or Out? Confronting Compounded Deprivation](http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/sampson)." Discussion 15 in NYU’s *The Dream Revisited* series (with responses by Richard Florida, Rosanne Haggerty, and Michael Stoll). **Immigration:** Sampson, Robert J. 2015. "[Immigration and America’s Urban Revival.](https://prospect.org/2015/07/07/immigration-america-s-urban-revival/)" *American Prospect* (July, 21-25).See also: "[America’s Leading Immigrant Cities](http://www.citylab.com/politics/2015/09/americas-leading-immigrant-cities/406438/)", *Atlantic CityLab*. **Disorder and "Broken Windows":** O’Brien, Daniel and Robert J. Sampson. 2015. "[Public and Private Spheres of Neighborhood Disorder: Assessing Pathways to Violence Using Large-Scale Digital Records](http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/52/4/486.abstract)." *Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency* 52: 486-510. See also [*The Atlantic's CityLab*](http://www.citylab.com/crime/2015/08/private-conflict-not-broken-windows/402059/) website. O’Brien, Daniel, Robert J. Sampson, and Christopher Winship. 2015. "[Ecometrics in the Age of Big Data: Measuring and Assessing ‘Broken Windows’ Using Large-scale Administrative Records](http://smx.sagepub.com/content/45/1/101)." *Sociological Methodology* 45: 101-147. **Gentrification:** Hwang, Jackelyn and Robert Sampson. 2014. "[Divergent Pathways of Gentrification: Racial Inequality and the Social Order of Renewal in Chicago Neighborhoods](http://asr.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/06/12/0003122414535774.full.pdf%20html)." *American Sociological Review* 79: 726-751. See also: "[A New View of Gentrification: Stark Findings in Google-enabled Study of Chicago Neighborhoods.”](http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2014/08/a-new-view-of-gentrification/) *Harvard Gazette.* **Other:** ["Notes on Neighborhood Inequality and Urban Design."](https://items.ssrc.org/the-cities-papers/notes-on-neighborhood-inequality-and-urban-design/) Social Science Research Council: The Cities Papers. The National Research Council has released "[The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences](http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18613)." Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press (2014). [Division Street, USA](http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/26/division-street-u-s-a/). *New York Times*, October 26, 2013. "When Disaster Strikes, It's Survival of the Sociable." Robert J. Sampson, Essay for "The Big Idea" Section, [*New Scientist* ](http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21829160.400-when-disaster-strikes-its-survival-of-the-sociable.html)(May 17, 2013) *Discover Magazine*, ["The Enduring Importance of Neighborhoods: A Sense of Trust is Key to Making Urban Neighborhoods Thrive."](https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-enduring-importance-of-neighborhoods-17165) By Dan Hurley, April, 2013. ["Community Well-Being and the Great Recession."](http://www.stanford.edu/group/scspi/_media/pdf/pathways/spring_2013/Pathways_Spring_2013_Owens_Sampson) Ann Owens and Robert J. Sampson, *Pathways Magazine* (Spring 2013). *The Atlantic*, ["Kind Neighbors Are Scarce, but Important."](http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/kind-neighbors-are-scarce-but-important/273375/) By Lindsay Abrams, March 2013. Symposium on "*Great American City* and the Future of Urban Studies." New York University, March 1, 2013. The *New York Times* featured *Great American City* in a story about a neighborhood in Chicago under challenge: ["Diagnosis: Battered but Vibrant."](http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/08/science/lessons-in-community-from-chicagos-south-side.html?_r=0) See also ["Saving Chatham,"](https://www.nytimes.com/video/science/100000001682492/saving-chatham.html) ["Chatham's Community Character,"](http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/01/08/science/0108-chicago.html?ref=science) January 8, 2013. New articles in 2013: Sampson, Robert J. 2013. [The Place of Context: A Theory and Strategy for Criminology's Hard Problems](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1745-9125.12002). Criminology 51: 1-31. See also Kirk, David S, and Sampson, Robert J. 2013. [Juvenile Arrest and Collateral Educational Damage in the Transition to Adulthood.](http://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/journals/soe/Jan13SOEFeature.pdf) *Sociology of Education* 86: 36–62. The *Chronicle of Higher Education* on ["The Neighborhood Effect"](http://chronicle.com/article/The-Neighborhood-Effect/135492/) (November 2012). *Chicago Magazine* on ["Homicide, Social Efficacy, and Poverty in Chicago"](https://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/december-2012/december-2012-1homicide-social-efficacy-and-poverty-in-chicago/) and ["Does Segregation Make a City More Vulnerable to Crime?"](http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/The-312/January-2013/Does-Segregation-Make-a-City-More-Vulnerable-to-Crime/) (January 2013). *Chicago Ideas Week* lecture on video: ["Neighborhood Effects and the Contemporary City](http://vimeo.com/54627221)," October 9th, 2012. The September 21st (2012) volume of *Science Magazine* has an article on the "Moving to Opportunity" experiment by Jens Ludwig et al. on ["Neighborhood Effects on the Long-term Well-being of Low-Income Adults,"](http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6101/1505.abstract) and an accompanying "Perspectives" on ["Moving and the Neighborhood Glass Ceiling," ](http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6101/1464.summary)by Sampson. For access: [Articles page](/publications/moving-and-neighborhood-glass-ceiling). For reviews, essays, and interviews about *Great American City*, [click here](/content/media-0). Share on:- [ Facebook ](#) - [ Twitter ](#) - [ Linkedin ](#)